Titania-assisted electron-beam and synchrotron lithography

Novel imaging layer technology for electron-beam and extreme-ultraviolet lithographic processes based upon generation of Pd nanoparticles in the Pd(2+)-loaded TiO(2) films was developed. The electroless metallization of the patterned TiO(2):Pd(2+) films yields both negative and positive nickel images with resolution down to approximately 100 nm.