Biomagneto-Hydrodynamic Williamson Fluid Flow and Heat Transfer Over a Stretching Surface: A Spectral Quasi-Linearization Approach

The flow and heat transfer of a Williamson fluid subjected to a magnetic field are analyzed and investigated through the spectral quasilinearization method (SQLM). The equations concerned with momentum and energy are obtained from the Navier-Stokes equations, accounting for non-Newtonian effects, viscous dissipation, magnetic forces, and the Lorentz force. The electrically conductive fluid’s interaction with the magnetic field produces the Lorentz force, which strongly modifies flow behaviour by exerting a resistive force against the fluid’s velocity. The method efficiently linearises the non-linear equations, enabling accurate solutions through the spectral method. Numerical results highlight the influence of Williamson fluid parameters, magnetic field intensity, and heat sources on velocity and temperature fields, offering insights into the fluid’s behaviour in industrial applications involving non-Newtonian fluids and magnetic fields.