We report measurements on a series of ultrasmall Al single tunnel junctions. The leads were made of either multiple junctions connected in various ways or high-resistance NiCr films. The effects of tunnel resistance and lead resistance were studied extensively for normal-metal junctions and Josephson junctions. The dependence of the Coulomb blockade in normal-metal junctions on those resistances was compared quantitatively with theories. The observed tunnel-resistance dependence in Josephson junctions was explained as a manifestation of the dissipative phase transition predicted by the theory. The effect of lead resistance in Josephson junctions was also studied.
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Shimazu et al. (1997) studied this question.
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