Emerging AI technologies are transforming work and redefining how leading and following unfold when humans collaborate with AI as tool, agent, teammate, and autonomous partner. This article uses an action-based organizational learning scenario technique to develop four future workplace constellations: (1) AI as collaborative tool, (2) AI as delegated agent, (3) AI as team member, and (4) AI as autonomous partner. For each, it examines implications for reversing the lens and co-creation leadership and followership, specifying the competence profiles and AI literacy needed for responsible human-AI interaction. Comparing these scenario-specific requirements with current AI literacy levels reveals substantial gaps in leadership and followership education, motivating a stronger emphasis on critical thinking and prompt literacy in development programs.
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Kugler et al. (2026) studied this question.
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