Active participation of amine-derived radicals in photoredox catalysis as exemplified by a reductive cyclization

Amine-derived radicals, formed through photocleavage of aromatic ketones containing amine moieties or by electron transfer between tertiary amines and the triplet state of carbonyl compounds, readily undergo the electron transfer processes and subsequent chemistry, usually performed with metal-containing photoredox catalysts, but under entirely metal-free conditions.