Lobelia dortmanna is a vascular macrophyte of the isœtid life form which grows in sandy sediments of nutrient-poor lakes and may become exposed to the air during summer months. Both land and water forms of Lobelia have short stiff leaves which lack stomata and are covered by a thick cuticle providing high resistance to gas exchange and water loss. Incessant large air lacunae run between leaf and root.tips. With the leaves exposed to atmospheric air, both life forms absorb virtually all CO 2 by the roots from the CO 2 -rich sediments (ca 30 times air level) and release a substantial proportion of the O 2 produced during photosynthesis (...)
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Pedersen et al. (1992) studied this question.