The expression of the human vasoactive intestinal peptide (VIP) gene was examined in human neuroblastoma cell lines and in transgenic mice. Transfection studies in human neuroblastoma cell lines indicated that multiple regulatory elements span the 5'flanking sequence of the VIP gene, and that cell-specific transcriptional effects are mediated by sequences as far as 4.0 to 4.6 kilobases (kb) upstream from the VIP gene transcription start site. Regulatory sequences that conferred a high level of VIP expression and phorbol ester induction were localized to a 650 basepair (bp) fragment that contained three 9-bp sequences repeated 65 bp downstream on the same fragment
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Toru Abo (1992) studied this question.