Unique organocatalysts: Arduengo's carbenes 1 and 2 are 103 times more nucleophilic than the Enders carbene 3, which attacks electrophiles with similar rates as diazabicyclo[5.4.0]undecene (DBU) and 4-(dimethylamino)pyridine (DMAP). The unique organocatalytic activities of 1–3 are explained by their extraordinarily high Lewis basicities, which exceed those of PPh3, DBU, and DMAP by more than 100 kJ mol−1.
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Maji et al. (2011) studied this question.
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