This qualitative study examines how race and/or ethnicity inform undergraduate female friendships and specifically how race and/or ethnicity imbue these relationships with the conditions of familiarity that have been deemed necessary for cognitive and developmental growth. This study found that racial and ethnic self-empowerment through "race talk" appears to be the primary cognitive operation in these peer relationships.
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Ana M. Martínez Alemán (2000) studied this question.
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