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The 13.8-kV selective high-resistance grounding (HRG) systems for bus-connected generators are nonexistent due to two reasons: One is that the stray capacitance current of the system can be high (> 10-12 A), and the other is that the sensitivity and selectivity of the ground-fault devices to detect low levels of ground-fault currents are required. This paper describes the relay types, sensors, settings on protective relays, and flow of currents for various fault locations in a 13.8-kV system and demonstrates how a selective HRG has been implemented. To the authors' knowledge, there is no HRG selective system at 13.8 kV.
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Das et al. (2013) studied this question.
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