Constitutionalism, Legal Pluralism, and International Regimes

The international legal order, although pluralist in structure, is in the process of being constitutionalized.This article supports this claim in several different ways.In the Part L I argue that most accepted understandings of "constitution" would readily apply to at least some international regimes.In Part II, I discuss different notions of "constitutional pluralism," and demonstrate that legal pluralism is not necessarily antithetical to constitutionalism.In fact, one finds a great deal ofconstitutionalpluralism within national legal orders in Europe.Part III puts forward an argument that the European Court of]ustice, the European Court of Human Rights, and the Appellate Body of the World Trade Organization are constitutional jurisdictions.In the Conclusion, I respond what I take to be the most important objections to these claims.