Evolution of Underwater Outcrossing From Aerial Pollination Systems: A Hypothesis

It is evident that underwater E (hypohydrophily) arose from aerial pollination systems.Howeve no mechanism to explain bn tran n has dnd er, n proposed.Herein l suggest a system involving bubble der d pollinatio similar to hydroautogamy in Potamogeton, systems.Such an a o ould ar go opportunity for the gradual evolution of « characters that are needed for underwater outcrossing without sacrificing seed production during the transition ere is general agreement that water pollination (hydrophily) is derived from aerial pollination, for the aquatic habit itself is derived in angiosperms (Arber, 1920; Daumann, 1963; Sculthorpe, 1967).Although we have some understanding of the mechanisms of pollen transfer in hydrophiles, there has been little published to explain the origin and subsequent radiation of hydrophilous systems.Hydrophily has been most widely investigated in marine