Ferroelectric BiFeO3 (BFO) nanodots were prepared on two substrate types, a Nb-doped SrTiO3 (Nb:STO) and a highly ordered pyrolytic graphite (HOPG), using elaborately controllable dip-pen nanolithography (DPN) technology. The lateral dimension and thickness of the formed BFO nanodots exhibited the substrate dependency, resulting in higher aspect ratio with smaller lateral dimension and higher thickness on the hydrophobic HOPG substrate than that of the Nb:STO substrate. Based on piezoelectric force microscope (PFM) measurements, superior ferroelectricity in d33 hysteresis loop of the BFO nanodots on the HOPG was demonstrated by significant reduction in the substrate clamping effect, compared to that on the Nb:STO.
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Kim et al. (2013) studied this question.
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