We investigate the microscopic nature of the ``charge ordering'' modulation in mixed-valent manganites in real space using scanning transmission electron microscopy. The modulation in Bi0.5Sr0.4Ca0.1MnO₃ has a uniform periodicity appearing as stripes in high angle annular dark field images. Geometric phase analysis shows the modulation to be a displacement wave with transverse amplitude (0.008±0.001)a and longitudinal amplitude (0.003±0.001)a. Series of energy loss spectra taken across the stripes show no periodic changes and place an upper bound of ±0.04 on any valence changes of the Mn ions.
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Loudon et al. (2007) studied this question.
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