Whole Genomic Sequence Analysis of Human Adenovirus Species C Shows Frequent Recombination in Tianjin, China

Figures

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  Figure 1. Phylogenetic network built using the complete genomes of 16 Tianjin human adenovirus (HAdV) (represented by black dots) and 52 human adenovirus species C (HAdV-C) strains obtained from the GenBank database.

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  Figure 2. Phylogenetic trees based on the complete genome (A), fiber gene (B), hexon gene (C) and penton gene (D) of 68 HAdV-C sequences, including 16 Tianjin strains in this study and 52 reference strains from the GenBank. Tianjin sequences isolated from faeces are indicated with a black square, whereas sequences isolated from sewage are indicated with a black dot. Each prototype sequence is indicated with a black triangle. The trees were constructed using the Neighbour-joining method of MEGA 7.0 with 1000 bootstraps. HAdV-C, human adenovirus species C.

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  Figure 3. Schematic representation of recombination events in 13 genomes within 7 recombination patterns. A genetic map of human adenovirus species C (HAdV-C) is shown at the top. Analysed genomes are represented by a blue rectangle, the major parents are represented by a green rectangle, while the minor parents are represented by a purple rectangle. Breakpoints are identified based on the recombination detection program (RPD) version 4 output.

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  Figure 4. Bootscanning analysis of the 13 Tianjin HAdV-C genomes using a sliding window of 200 nt moving in 20-nt steps. For each bootscanning analysis, the names of viruses of the query sequence were indicated in the plot.