Genomic Recombination through Plasmid-Encoded Recombinase Enhances Hemolytic Activity and Adherence to Epithelial Cells in the Periodontopathogenic BacteriumEikenella corrodens

The periodontopathogenic bacterium Eikenella corrodens has an N-acetyl-D-galactosamine (GalNAc)-specific lectin, that contributes significantly to the pathogenicity of the bacterium. Recently, we reported that plasmid-mediated genomic recombination enhances the activity of this lectin. In this study, we investigated the effects of genomic recombination on certain virulence factors. Introduction of the recombinase gene resulted in hemolysis and significantly increased bacterial adhesion to epithelial cells. It was suggested that the enhanced adhesion was attributable to increased lectin activity due to genomic recombination, because it was inhibited by the addition of GalNAc. In contrast, invasion of the epithelial cells was remarkably reduced by genomic recombination. Although we assumed that this decrease in invasion resulted from a loss of type-IV pili, the phase variant did not show any decrease in invasion activity. This suggests that type-IV pili do not contribute to the invasive ability of E. corrodens. Our results suggest that genomic recombination enhances the pathogenicity of E. corrodens.