Bismuth-doped ZnO nanowires were synthesized by a vapor transfer process at 600 ° C . Raman spectra revealed that a slight blueshift occurred in ZnO:Bi ( 438 cm − 1 ) nanowires in contrast to ZnO ( 436 cm − 1 ) nanowires. The X-ray photoelectron spectrum showed that the ZnO:Bi nanowires contained the Bi dopant as Bi 0 and Bi 3 + . The turn-on fields of the ZnO:Bi and ZnO nanowires were ∼ 4.19 and 6.57 V / μ m , respectively. Because the ZnO:Bi nanowires exhibited a redshift of absorbance spectrum with a high ratio in the UV range, the photocatalytic activities of ZnO:Bi nanowires were considered superior to those of ZnO nanowires.
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Fang et al. (2010) studied this question.
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