Real‐world efficacy and safety of luspatercept and predictive factors of response in patients with lower risk myelodysplastic syndromes with ring sideroblasts

Myelodysplastic syndromes (MDS) are myeloid malignancies predomi-nating in the elderly, characterized by ineffective hematopoiesis and risk of progression to acute myeloid leukemia (AML). 1 In lower risk MDS, anemia is the pathological hallmark of the disease and a high proportion of patients eventually become dependent on red blood cell (RBC) transfusions. Transfusion-dependent anemia was found to be associated with reduced quality of life and shorter survival, mainly because of an increased risk of cardiovascular complications and death.