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August 24, 2026Natural ComputingOpen Access

Cellular automata can really solve the parity problem

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Authors

BWBarbara WolnikANAnna NencaBBBernard De Baets

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Overview

Mathematical analysis demonstrates a single-rule solution to the parity problem in one-dimensional cellular automata, confirming distributed consensus without global communication.

Key Points

  • To formulate and formally prove a single-rule one-dimensional cellular automaton that solves the parity problem on odd-sized cyclic configurations.
  • Analyzed the single-rule BFO formulation and its known computational edge-case failure modes.
  • Constructed an updated local transition rule for one-dimensional cyclic binary lattices.
  • Developed a complete mathematical proof establishing convergence to homogeneous fixed points based on parity.
  • Rectified the specific configuration failure present in the original BFO rule.
  • Delivered a rigorous, complete mathematical proof confirming that the single rule reliably drives odd-sized cyclic lattices to all-0s for even parity and all-1s for odd parity.

Cite This Study

Wolnik et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8c0010bca056c88e6dee36https://doi.org/10.1007/s11047-026-10083-8
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