Harnessing Macrophage Lysosomal Glycosidases for Enzyme-Converted Group O (ECO) Blood, Rhesus Antigen Remodeling, and Solid Organ Transplantation: A Hypothesis on Carbohydrate Conjugation Mediated pH Adaptation

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Macrophage lysosomal glycosidases may be harnessed via carbohydrate conjugation-mediated pH adaptation to produce universal Enzyme-Converted Group O (ECO) blood, remodel Rhesus antigens, and facilitate solid organ transplantation. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.METHODOLOGICAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

Alireza Jahanbani

doi:10.5281/zenodo.22055773

August 22, 2026Open Access

Harnessing Macrophage Lysosomal Glycosidases for Enzyme-Converted Group O (ECO) Blood, Rhesus Antigen Remodeling, and Solid Organ Transplantation: A Hypothesis on Carbohydrate Conjugation Mediated pH Adaptation

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Key Points

To formulate a theoretical model utilizing carbohydrate-conjugated macrophage lysosomal glycosidases to remove blood group antigens and generate universal donor blood and organs.
Conceptual evaluation of pH-adaptation mechanisms using carbohydrate conjugation on macrophage lysosomal glycosidases.
Theoretical modeling of enzymatic cleavage protocols targeting ABO and Rhesus antigens on erythrocytes and donor organ endothelium.
Hypothesizes that carbohydrate conjugation allows acidic lysosomal glycosidases to function efficiently at neutral physiological pH.
Proposes an enzymatic remodeling framework to produce enzyme-converted group O (ECO) blood and mitigate rejection in solid organ transplants.

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Implication

Hypothesis article proposes carbohydrate-mediated enzymatic antigen removal for red blood cells, indicating potential pathways to universal donor blood and organs.

Abstract

Hypotheses related to the production of universal blood.

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Alireza Jahanbani (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a8c0086bca056c88e6df53a https://doi.org/10.5281/zenodo.22055773

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Harnessing Macrophage Lysosomal Glycosidases for Enzyme-Converted Group O (ECO) Blood, Rhesus Antigen Remodeling, and Solid Organ Transplantation: A Hypothesis on Carbohydrate Conjugation Mediated pH Adaptation

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Harnessing Macrophage Lysosomal Glycosidases for Enzyme-Converted Group O (ECO) Blood, Rhesus Antigen Remodeling, and Solid Organ Transplantation: A Hypothesis on Carbohydrate Conjugation Mediated pH Adaptation

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