Pioneering p- and n-Type Chemiresistive Technologies: Broad-Spectrum Detection of Deleterious Airborne Pollutants

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Air pollution is a growing concern due to urbanization and industrialization. Accurate monitoring is crucial for identifying pollution sources and shaping effective policies. Chemiresistive sensors, especially p-type and n-type semiconductors, are emerging as a promising technology for detecting toxic gases. These sensors offer high sensitivity, selectivity, and real-time detection capabilities, making them compatible with IoT systems. This study explores the operational principles, material properties, and optimization strategies of chemiresistive sensors. Techniques like material doping, nanostructuring, and environmental control can enhance performance. Practical applications include industrial emission monitoring and smart city infrastructure integration. However, challenges like cross-sensitivity and degradation remain. Future research focuses on hybrid nanostructures, AI-driven calibration, and multigas sensing systems to improve reliability and commercial adoption. By addressing these challenges, chemiresistive sensors can play a vital role in advanced air quality monitoring solutions, enabling better public health protection and environmental sustainability. Effective implementation can lead to significant improvements in urban air quality.