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Spectrometers were constructed with nominal resolving power λ/Δλ≤22 000 at a Bragg angle of 45° and were used to measure the temperature of ions produced and trapped in the Livermore electron-beam ion trap facility. A temperature in excess of 500 eV was found for heliumlike Ti20+ ions produced under standard operating conditions for spectroscopy. The temperature was reduced to 130 eV by lowering the trapping potential and electron-beam current. A description of the spectrometers and representative measurements are given.
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Beiersdörfer et al. (1995) studied this question.
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