The present status of modeling toroidal field (TF) ripple loss of fast alphas from tokamaks is summarized. The modeling issues are discussed, and several new aspects of this problem are described, including gyromotion, radial electric field, and sawtoothing. Existing models predict that TF ripple loss of fast alphas will have a low to moderate impact on the design of a tokamak engineering test reactor.
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L.M. Hively (1988) studied this question.
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