Rous sarcoma virus (RSV) was found in the mid-1950s to transform cells in culture (Manaker and Groupé 1956; Temin and Rubin 1958). The transformed cells produced virus and continued to divide and carry out normal biosynthetic functions. Thus, RSV and, by extension, all RNA tumor viruses were thought to be different from cytocidal viruses that killed cells. Later, avian leukosis viruses (ALV) were described that also replicated in cell culture and did not kill cells (Rubin 1960).
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Temin et al. (1980) studied this question.