Rapid advances have been made in recent years in the development of sensor-based technologies, which greatly expand the range and effectiveness of this application to civil, mechanical, and aerospace engineering systems. This paper attempts to overview the research conducted in recent years and the state-of-the-art. Key research topics are presented, and future strategic directions are suggested. Emerging needs for engineering application in civil infrastructure and mechatronics systems, and natural and artificial disaster mitigation are described. A review of NSF's sponsored research program activities in dynamic systems, modeling, sensing and control is also given. Strategic issues in advancing sensors and smart structural technologies and their applications are discussed.
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Liu et al. (2005) studied this question.
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