The study of the induction and regulation of flowering is one of the great themes of plant developmental biology. One particular motif in this research area has been the study of the control of sex in the flower. This is a wonderfully complex subject in higher plants because of the many reproductive strategies that exist: complete hermaphrodism with both sexes in one flower; sexes on separate plants; mixed male and female flowers on the same plant; and virtually all possible combinations of these. A variety of genetic and hormonal mechanisms have been discovered that govern these patterns of floral differentiation (for review, see Frankel and Galun 1977).
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Malmberg et al. (1985) studied this question.
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