A risk-averse optimal dispatch scheme for data centers considering carbon emission and water constraints based on enhanced ADMM

With the background of global climate change, the significance of energy utilization considering environmentally friendly is widely recognized. As a heavy load user in the power system, the role of data center (DC) in environment protection needs to be considered in the operation of the power system. This paper proposes a distributed risk-averse optimal dispatch scheme for DCs considering carbon emission and water restriction. Firstly, a model for the consumption of cooling water was established based on the equation of heat conduction, and the utilization of water resources in data centers was restricted by imposing an excess penalty price; Furthermore, the conditional value at risk (CVaR) method is introduced to manage the risks arising from diverse uncertainties, including workload, power of photovoltaic and temperature in the proposed scheme. To improve computational performance and protect the privacy between the DCs, the improved multiplier based alternating direction method of multipliers (M−ADMM) distributed solution method is developed to solve the dispatch model for DCs, and consider the time difference between photovoltaics and temperature caused by geographical longitude location. Numerical results illustrate the benefits for environment protection and economic, risk management ability, and computational performance of the proposed scheme.