Key result
Professional male footballers had significantly higher median creatine kinase levels compared to a control group of military personnel (284 U/L vs 124 U/L; P<0.001).
Cross-Sectional (n=27)
Absolute Event Rate: 284% vs 124%
p-value: p=<0.001
Professional footballers have significantly higher baseline creatine kinase levels than the general population, necessitating a sport-specific reference range (64.9 to 1971.7 U/L) to avoid misinterpretation of muscle damage or other conditions.
Suggests sport-specific reference ranges may be needed to prevent misdiagnosing muscle injury; leaves.
OBJECTIVE: We aimed to explore the validity of applying current reference ranges of the enzyme creatine kinase (CK) when analysing the medical status of professional footballers and to offer a more functional CK reference range for professional footballers. METHODS: A sample of 27 professional male footballers competing in The Football League Championship was analysed. The single sample Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare the CK distribution of the study group with that of a control group of military personnel reported in the literature. RESULTS: The median values for study group and the published control group were 284 U/L and 124 U/L, respectively (P<0.001) suggesting that the average CK activity of professional footballers is higher than that of the normal healthy military population. CONCLUSION: Ethnicity, sex, age and physical exercise are factors that likely influence CK levels among various populations. From our analysis, we recommend a new 95% reference interval of 64.9 U/L to 1971.7 U/L for professional footballers.
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Mahmutyazicioglu et al. (2018) conducted a cross-sectional in Professional footballers (n=27). Professional football vs. Military personnel was evaluated on Creatine kinase (CK) levels (p=<0.001). Professional male footballers had significantly higher median creatine kinase levels compared to a control group of military personnel (284 U/L vs 124 U/L; P<0.001).
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