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This article finds that the root of income inequality and wage discrimination is that female workers are highly concentrated in low paying jobs across core and periphery industries. This finding suggests that job segregation is at the firm level. Gender segregation and discrimination are arguably caused by statistical discrimination, preexisting structural differences, sexism, and Chinese male workers success in protecting their economic success by excluding females from high paying jobs.
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William Keng Mun Lee (1998) studied this question.
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