Key result
In critically ill patients with severe renal insufficiency receiving dalteparin thromboprophylaxis, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 5.1% and major bleeding was 7.2%.
Why the study?
What is the incidence and what are the predictors of DVT and bleeding in critically ill patients with severe renal insufficiency receiving dalteparin thromboprophylaxis?
Cohort (n=138)
Open-label
Yes
What is the incidence and what are the predictors of DVT and bleeding in critically ill patients with severe renal insufficiency receiving dalteparin thromboprophylaxis?
In critically ill patients with severe renal insufficiency, dalteparin thromboprophylaxis is associated with considerable rates of DVT and major bleeding, which appear driven by patient comorbidities rather than the anticoagulant itself.
Warrants close surveillance for DVT and bleeding in severe renal insufficiency; leaves open optimal prophylaxis strategies pending randomized data.
BACKGROUND: Critically ill patients with renal insufficiency are predisposed to both deep vein thrombosis (DVT) and bleeding. The objective of the present study was to evaluate the prevalence, incidence and predictors of DVT and the incidence of bleeding in intensive care unit (ICU) patients with estimated creatinine clearance <30 ml/min. METHODS: In a multicenter, open-label, prospective cohort study of critically ill patients with severe acute or chronic renal insufficiency or dialysis receiving subcutaneous dalteparin 5,000 IU once daily, we estimated the prevalence of proximal DVT by screening compression venous ultrasound of the lower limbs within 48 hours of ICU admission. DVT incidence was assessed on twice-weekly ultrasound testing. We estimated the incidence of major and minor bleeding by daily clinical assessments. We used Cox proportional hazards regression to identify independent predictors of both DVT and major bleeding. RESULTS: Of 156 patients with a mean (standard deviation) creatinine clearance of 18.9 (6.5) ml/min, 18 had DVT or pulmonary embolism within 48 hours of ICU admission, died or were discharged before ultrasound testing - leaving 138 evaluable patients who received at least one dose of dalteparin. The median duration of dalteparin administration was 7 days (interquartile range, 4 to 12 days). DVT developed in seven patients (5.1%; 95% confidence interval, 2.5 to 10.1). The only independent risk factor for DVT was an elevated baseline Acute Physiology and Chronic Health Evaluation II score (hazard ratio for 10-point increase, 2.25; 95% confidence interval, 1.03 to 4.91). Major bleeding developed in 10 patients (7.2%; 95% confidence interval, 4.0 to 12.8), all with trough anti-activated factor X levels </= 0.18 IU/ml. Independent risk factors for major bleeding were aspirin use (hazard ratio, 6.30; 95% confidence interval, 1.35 to 29.4) and a high International Normalized Ratio (hazard ratio for 0.5-unit increase, 1.68; 95% confidence interval, 1.07 to 2.66). CONCLUSION: In ICU patients with renal insufficiency, the incidence of DVT and major bleeding are considerable but appear related to patient comorbidities rather than to an inadequate or excessive anticoagulant from thromboprophylaxis with dalteparin.
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Douketis et al. (2008) conducted a cohort in Critically ill with severe renal insufficiency (n=138). Dalteparin was evaluated on Incidence of deep vein thrombosis (DVT) (95% CI 2.5-10.1). In critically ill patients with severe renal insufficiency receiving dalteparin thromboprophylaxis, the incidence of deep vein thrombosis was 5.1% and major bleeding was 7.2%.
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