Magnetically insulated ion diodes with a cryogenically refrigerated anode are proposed and their characteristics are examined. Proton beams of 7 A/cm2 and deuteron beams of 5 A/cm2, with energy of about 80 keV are extracted from a refrigerated H2O or D2O anode with good reproducibility and reasonable repetition rate.
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Takahashi et al. (1983) studied this question.
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