Dynamics of an intense pulsed proton beam have been studied by measuring nuclear reactions as well as by a biased ion-collector (BIC). When the ion-current density (Ji) is small such thatJi<30 A/cm2, the proton number measured by BIC is in good agreement with that by nuclear activation. Good linearity exists between time integrated γ-ray signal and proton number measured by the activation. Hence, it would be possible to obtain the proton number quantitatively even when a target "blow-off" takes place atJi>1 kA/cm2. Prompt γ-ray is also measured by the time-of-flight method to yield reasonable agreement with the applied peak potential.
No takes yet. Share an insight, caveat, or question.
Tanaka et al. (1982) studied this question.
Synapse has enriched 5 closely related papers on similar clinical questions. Consider them for comparative context: