KNbO 3 films were grown at 240 °C by the hydrothermal method using KOH and Nb 2 O 5 as source materials. Film thickness increased with reaction time up to 3 h, however decreased for longer reaction times. A 16-µm-thick epitaxially grown KNbO 3 film with {100} pc orientation were successfully grown on (100) c SrRuO 3 ∥SrTiO 3 substrate for 3 h. The relative dielectric constant and dielectric loss at 100 kHz were 415 and 8%, respectively. Clear hysteresis loops originating from ferroelectricity were observed and the remanent polarization was 20 µC/cm 2 at the maximum applied electric field of 220 kV/cm. The effective longitudinal piezoelectric constant, d 33 eff , obtained using a laser Doppler velocimeter, was 86 pm/V.
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Ishikawa et al. (2009) studied this question.
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