Several approaches for surface-sensitive conductance measurements are reviewed. Particular emphasis is placed on nanoscale multi-point probe techniques. The results for two model systems, which have given rise to some dispute, are discussed in detail: Si(111)(7 × 7) and ([Formula: see text])Ag-Si(111). Other recent examples are also given, such as phase transitions in quasi-one-dimensional structures on semiconductor surfaces and the surface sheet conductivity of Bi(111), the surface of a semimetal.
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Hofmann et al. (2008) studied this question.
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