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The authors have demonstrated a compact (70 µm free-space radiation length), potentially robust, broadband (1.53–1.56 µm), polarisation-insensitive 3 dB optical power splitter based on InP using free-space radiative input-output coupling. This passive, 3 dB splitter is compatible with photonic integrated circuits.
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Kim et al. (1994) studied this question.
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