Bioactive compounds in sheep milk: The therapeutic potential of CLA, lactoferrin, and orotic acid in skin cancer treatment

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Melanoma, an aggressive form of skin cancer, poses a significant public health problem due to its rising global incidence. Therefore, there is a growing interest among patients in natural substances with potential therapeutic benefits. Sheep’s milk, rich in bioactive substances such as conjugated linoleic acid (CLA), lactoferrin, and orotic acid, represents a promising candidate for adjunctive cancer therapy due to its unique biological properties. This review consolidates current knowledge on the health-promoting effects of selected bioactive substances from sheep’s milk in the context of skin cancer supportive care. In vitro, in vivo and clinical studies have demonstrated that CLA isomers have anticancer activity, suppressing malignant melanoma development and progression. Lactoferrin is widely utilised in the cosmetic and pharmaceutical industries due to its antibacterial and skin repairing properties. Meanwhile, orotic acid shows potential as a breakthrough compound in skin cancer prevention and treatment through its combined anticancer and dermatoprotective effects. Considering the great anticancer potential of sheep’s milk, further research is essential to fully elucidate their mechanisms and clinical applications.