Hybrid chaotic whale-shark optimization algorithm to improve artificial neural network: application to the skin neglected tropical diseases diagnosis

The term "neglected tropical diseases" (NTDs) refers to a collection of infectious illnesses linked to poverty as they occur in remote and poor areas of the tropics and mainly affect poor and "voiceless" populations. However, a large number of NTDs are cutaneous and endemic in most regions, creating an opportunity for integrated disease control. A study in Cameroon examined 1,352 children aged 15 years or younger, 54% of whom were male. 751 (55.6%) of these children had at least one Buruli ulcer (BU) skin lesion, 480 (36%) had a yaws lesion, and 271 (20%) had another type of lesion