Zero-order production planning models with stochastic demand and workload-dependent lead times

We present three different formulations of a simple production planning problem that treat workload-dependent lead times, limited capacity and stochastic demand in an integrated fashion. We compare chance-constrained models, two-stage stochastic programming and robust optimisation using computational experiments. Our results show that the robust optimisation approach is promising, but all the different models face different but challenging issues in addressing this complex problem. We also conclude that successful approximations to this difficult problem with the potential for practical implementation can be developed.