High-Temperature Superconductivity in Boron-Doped Q-Carbon

We report high-temperature superconductivity in B-doped amorphous quenched carbon (Q-carbon). This phase is formed after nanosecond laser melting of B-doped amorphous carbon films in a super-undercooled state and followed by rapid quenching. Magnetic susceptibility measurements show the characteristics of type-II Bardeen–Cooper–Schrieffer superconductivity with a superconducting transition temperature ( T c ) of 36.0 ± 0.5 K for 17.0 ± 1.0 atom % boron concentration. This value is significantly higher than the best experimentally reported T c of 11 K for crystalline B-doped diamond. We argue that the quenching from metallic carbon liquid leads to a stronger electron–phonon coupling due to close packing of carbon atoms with higher density of states at the Fermi level. With these results, we propose that the non-equilibrium undercooling-assisted synthesis method can be used to fabricate highly doped materials that provide greatly enhanced superconducting properties.