Manganese speciation in exhaust particulates of automobiles using MMT-containing gasoline

Manganese speciation in exhaust particulates of automobiles using MMT-containing gasolinemonochromator, 50% detuned, was used.Multiple scans varying from 4 sweeps for XANES and 8 sweeps for EXAFS were performed to yield optimal S/N ratios.All spectra were collected in the QEXAFS mode (Frahm, 1988).A manganese metal standard foil located in front of a reference ion chamber was measured simultaneously with each sample for in-situ energy calibration.