Optical and atomic force microscopies were used for investigating morphological changes of Jurkat lymphocytes, which showed sonoporation after being exposed to a vibrating Mason horn tuned to 21.4 kHz for 2 min. The tip of the Mason horn had a diameter of 400 μm and its transverse vibration amplitude was 7.8 μm. It was found that immediately after sonification, some cells became irregular in shape but still more or less maintained their sizes, and other cells appeared to be much smaller than their normal sizes.
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Ross et al. (2002) studied this question.
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