A total of 440 participants (218 in 1987 and 222 in 1988) were recruited from methadone maintenance clinics in New York City. After obtaining informed consent, a standardized questionnaire was administered. Also, sera were collected and tested for HIV antibody. The overall HIV infection rate was 60% in 1987 and 52% in 1988. In 1987 and 1988, respectively, 19 of 23 and 23 of 40 participants who admitted to a previous HIV seronegative result were found to test HIV seropositive. The behavioral factors which differentiated suspected seroconverters from participants who remained seronegative were frequencies of sharing needles (p < .01), sharing cookers (p < .02), and use of shooting galleries (p < .05) during the last 5 years. Needle-sharing behaviors continue to be associated with HIV seroconversion among IVDUs. More effective education to stop needle sharing among IVDUs is needed.
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Tooru Nemoto (1992) studied this question.
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