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A controlled clinical trial was designed to test the relative effectiveness of two prophylactic antibacterial regimens administered to premature infants in the first 5 days of life. Infants who received penicillin/sulfisoxazole (diethanolamine) died at a significantly higher rate than those who received oxytetracycline. The incidence of kernicterus was significantly higher among infants who received penicillin/sulfisoxazole (diethanolamine).
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Silverman et al. (1956) studied this question.
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