"Characterizing Approaches and Research Methods for Traditional Chinese Medicine Syndrome Differentiation and Treatment in Chronic Liver Diseases"

TCM syndrome (a.k.a., ZHENG or Zheng-Hou) is the foundation of clinical diagnoses and treatments for chronic liver diseases (CLDs) in traditional in Chinese medicine (TCM). This Mini-Review introduces research approaches and methods for TCM syndrome differentiation and treatment, including Top-Down, Bottom-Up and Integration approaches. It then summarizes a variety of applications of these methods to help guide the development of more accurate and advanced TCM diagnosis and treatment in CLDs.