We investigated fullerene and metallofullerene nano ball bearings using classical molecular dynamics and steepest descent methods based on both the Tersoff–Brenner and the Lennard-Jones 12–6 potentials. Under hydrostatic pressures, the bulk modulus and the ultimate pressure of K @ C 60 were higher than those of C 60 . While C 60 rolling dynamics were the same as K @ C 60 rolling dynamics, the sustaining pressure of K @ C 60 intercalated between layers was higher than that of C 60 intercalated between layers. In molecular dynamics simulations of C 60 and K @ C 60 rolling motions, periodic variations of the frictional forces were found and the mean dynamical frictional forces were almost zero. We were able to conclude that K @ C 60 was more effective than C 60 for the application of nano ball bearings.
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Kang et al. (2004) studied this question.