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Modern concepts of the structure of the ionosphere and dynamics of its perturbations related to geomagnetic and solar activity perturbations are considered. It is shown that communication and navigation satellite systems depend substantially on the state of the ionosphere. The role played by Rydberg atoms and molecules of neutral ionospheric plasma components excited in collisions with electrons in the formation of microwave radiation of the upper atmosphere is discussed. A new physical mechanism of the delay of satellite signals cased by a cascade of reemissions from Rydberg states over the decimeter range is suggested.
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Голубков et al. (2011) studied this question.
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