Different types of knowledge (experimental, empirical, and experiential) combine with assumptions, beliefs, models, and theories to determine what Human Factors (HF) researchers and practitioners study and do. In research, problems of epistemology and meaning arise because one must interpret the meaning of effects produced in a study. In design, epistemology underlies the relationship between behavioral design variables and their anticipated performance effects.
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David Meister (1991) studied this question.