I. Introductory remarks: Basic mechanisms of pain associated with deep tissues

There are important differences in pain arising from deep tissues in comparison to cutaneous pain. These differences can be partially explained by the unique organization of nociceptive systems activated by stimulation of muscle, joint, or viscera. Recent evidence also indicates that stimulation of deep tissues can produce long-lasting changes in central nervous system excitability and, therefore, may play a prominent role in persistent or chronic pain conditions. These findings have important implications for the treatment of chronic deep tissue pain conditions.