Avalanche Activity in Iceland, Climatic Conditions, and Terrain Features

Abstract. Avalance activity in Iceland for the last 860 years is briefly outlined and the present avalanche problems in Iceland are explained. Statistics are given for the number of deaths from avalanches by years, months and avalanche categories (for both residents and travellers). Climatic conditions and terrain features are described for the main avalanche-hazard areas in Iceland. Data from meteorological stations for precipitation, wind, and air temperatures have been analysed for all the major avalanche cycles in the present century. Synoptic weather patterns that trigger avalanches are explained. A distinction is made between conditions that cause wet and dry avalanches. The results form the basis of an area-wide avalanche forecast in Iceland.