Breast cancer

This paper presents a conceptual model for the analysis and understanding of the psychosocial problems of the patient and family who are experiencing the impact of breast cancer. A diagram of the conceptual framework is provided to illustrate the interrelationships between critical event periods in the diagnosis and treatment of breast cancer and the ensuing emotional responses of the patient and family. Ten critical event periods have been identified, including: Prodromal period Prediagnostic period Diagnostic period Preoperative period Operative period Immediate postoperative period Extended postoperative period Adjuvant treatment period Recovery period Terminal period Suggestions are made as to the use of the model in the systematic development of nursing interventions to meet the psychosocial needs of breast cancer patients and their families. Implications of the model for clinical and evaluative nursing research studies are discussed.